Inca trail machu picchu - Distance: 45km. Average distance per day: 12km. Highest altitude: 4,200m. Number of days trekking: 4-days/3-nights. Or 5-days/3-nights (extra day at Machu Picchu). Difficulty: Moderate. The many steps on the Inca Trail can be tough on your knees and the altitude of Dead Woman’s Pass will be the greatest challenge.

 
The Inca Trail elevation continually changes as you hike over spectacular passes and down into lush valleys. ... After the Sun gate, it is a short and scenic downhill walk to Machu Picchu. Sun Gate. Height (Metres) Height (Feet) Elevation gain. 160. 1,476. Approximate Total Descent. 150. 492. Highest point (Sun Gate / Intipata) 2,700. 8,850 .... Best rated full size suv

Tackle the legendary Inca Trail for the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to approach Machu Picchu through breathtaking mountain scenery, as the Incas themselves ...They had an option to leave out of Cusco at 3 a.m., take a two-hour train ride, hike about five hours from kilometer 104 on the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu (about six miles long and 2,600 feet up ...Build your ideal Peru trip. Call 1.406.541.2677. Explore the best of the Inca Empire on one of our most popular Peru tours that culminates in a 4-day trek ending in Machu Picchu. To acclimatize for the trek, spend time experiencing the local culture staying with a family on the floating islands of Lake Titicaca.According to the New Entrance Rules to Machu Picchu, trekkers arriving from the 2-Days / 1-Night Inca Trail now need to leave Machu Picchu (the Inca Trail permit doesn’t allow a visit).From here you can take the shuttle bus (30 mins) or hike (60 mins) to the village of Aguas Calientes below Machu Picchu. Here you will spend the …Trek the Inca Trail. 7,835 reviews. A tour to the Inca Trail is a complete, once-in-a-lifetime travel experience, but the part you’re likely to cherish most is when you finally step through the Sun Gate and catch your first glimpse of the forgotten city of Machu Picchu. It’s not just an accomplishment; it’s a transformative moment ...At the other end of Machu Picchu, another path leads to the famous Inca Bridge, a rope structure that crosses the Urubamba River. Many other ruined cities—like that atop the dark peak of Huayna …The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure that allows you to follow the ancient footsteps of the Incas while experiencing breathtaking natural beauty. This comprehensive guide aims to provide detailed information on the best time to hike the Inca Trail, a comprehensive packing list, and valuable recommendations for …The Classic Inca Trail is just a small portion of the 45000km network of Inca roads connecting the whole empire to Cusco. Friendly Llamas can be found along the route. Check out more fun facts and …Machu Picchu is one of the most iconic and captivating archaeological sites in the world, nestled high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. Known as the "Lost City of the Incas," this ancient citadel is perched atop a dramatic ridge, surrounded by mist-shrouded peaks and lush cloud forests. Built by the Inca civilization around the mid-15th century ...ITINERARY · Day 1 : Cusco - Piscacucho (Km. 82) - Huayllabamba · Day 2 : Huayllabamba - Warmihuañusca - Pacaymayo · Day 3 : Pacaymayo - Runkuracay - Wiñaywayna...Hooded Siskin (Carduelis magellanica) This is a very outgoing bird, which can be quite tame and has a distinctive bounding flight. It is thought to be an ornamental bird because of its bright yellow colour and pleasant singing. It is very common on the Inca Trail, around Llactapata ruins and along the railway to Machu Picchu. (Size 11 – 12 cm).A personal account of hiking the one day Inca trail from km 104 to the Sun Gate, with stunning views of Machu Picchu. Learn about …Jun 13, 2011 · Historians believe Machu Picchu was built at the height of the Inca Empire, which dominated western South America in the 15th and 16th centuries. It was abandoned an estimated 100 years after its ... 1. Classic Inca Trail (4 Days) Taking a four-day trek through the Urubamba Valley to Machu Picchu is the ultimate way to experience the Inca trail. Known as the “Classic Inca Trail,” treks usually start from the town of Urubamba or from Ollantaytambo in the Sacred Valley, or at km 88. The 43-km trail has incredible views of the Valley and ...How To Prepare For The Inca Trail. There are a few good ways that will help you best prepare for hiking the Inca Trail. Work on a Fitness Plan. If you struggle to ascend two flights of stairs, you will need to start with training much earlier on. In this case, I would recommend you start training for the Inca Trail 4-6 months in advance.Inca Trail from Km104. Hard • 4.9 (285) Machu Picchu, Cusco, Peru. Photos (1,411) Directions. Print/PDF map. Length 8.1 miElevation gain 3,179 ftRoute type Point to point. Enjoy this 8.1-mile point-to-point trail near Machu Picchu, Cusco. Generally considered a challenging route, it takes an average of 5 h 53 min to complete.Day 1: Hiking to Machu Picchu. Your short Alpaca Expeditions Inca Trail tour to Machu Picchu starts with you being picked up from your hotel from 4 to 4:30 AM. Next, we’ll go to the train station and leave on the 6:40 a.m. train from Ollantaytambo. The trail follows the Urubamba River until we reach Km 104, where we’ll begin our trek.As quite possibly the most popular place to visit on a trip to Peru, the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Machu Picchu deserves an equally impressive trek to reach it. And so, for a truly breathtaking and adventurous trail to the ancient Inca site, the classic 5-day Salkantay Trek to Machu Picchu in Peru is a must. You’ll likely have … Hiking to Machu Picchu is a true adventure, making the journey to the Inca Citadel as rewarding as the ruins themselves. There are lots of routes to take, from the most popular Classic Inca Trail 4D/3N to the longer Salkantay 5.5D/5N, all ending at Machu Picchu on your last day for an amazing tour of this World Wonder. The trail is rich in history and glides through half a dozen ancient ruins before the grand conclusion of Machu Picchu itself. The modern trekking version of the Inca Trail extends from Ollantaytambo to the mystical ruins of Machu Picchu, though the original trail system was far more extensive, spanning throughout Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador ... Although the total distance is only about 24 miles (39km), the ancient trail laid by the Incas from the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu winds its way up and down ...Hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu the WT way, with spectacular campsites (two of the four are exclusive to our groups), topped off by a night at the acclaimed Sanctuary Lodge, just steps from Machu Picchu. With five full days on the trail (other companies rush it in four), we enjoy well-paced hiking days, fewer trekkers, and fascinating Inca sites others … The 2-day Inca trail starts at KM104 (located in the middle of our handy route map below) at an altitude of 2,200m / 7,218 ft. From there, trekkers follow a one-day route via Wiñay Huayna (2,650m / 8,694 ft) to Machu Picchu (2,430m / 7,972 ft). Most tours include a ticket and guided tour of Machu Picchu for the second day of the trek. Big Cat Travel Insurance’s Activity Pack covers you up to 4,600 metres, which includes the very highest part of the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu at 4,430 metres. If you wish to go even higher, our Extreme Activity Pack covers any altitude above 4,600 metres and is suited to the most challenging of mountain treks such as Mt Kilimanjaro ...Day 1: Cusco – Abra Malaga Pass – Santa Maria. The Inca Jungle trek starts with a 3-4-hour drive to the top of the impressive Abra Malaga Pass (4,316m / 14,160 ft). Most tour operators will either pick you up at your … Hiking to Machu Picchu is a true adventure, making the journey to the Inca Citadel as rewarding as the ruins themselves. There are lots of routes to take, from the most popular Classic Inca Trail 4D/3N to the longer Salkantay 5.5D/5N, all ending at Machu Picchu on your last day for an amazing tour of this World Wonder. 27-Sept-2023 ... Trip Details ... Our Inca Trail hike brings us to one fascinating location after another, with ancient ruins spanning centuries of stonework, ...10-May-2023 ... The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is in fact a small part of a vast network of trails and roads built by the Incan Empire over 500 years ago. The ...Amazing Luxury Glamping on the Inca trail trek to Machu Picchu. 1. DAY 1: CUSCO TO KM 82 (with a private bus) - KM 82 TO WAYLLABAMBA. Pick up from your hotel is very early in the morning (5:30 am). Once we’ve left Cusco by private bus we’ll drive through the famous Sacred Valley (Chinchero, Urubamba and Ollantaytambo) and will arrive after ...Distance: 45km. Average distance per day: 12km. Highest altitude: 4,200m. Number of days trekking: 4-days/3-nights. Or 5-days/3-nights (extra day at Machu …Thousands of tourists walk the Inca Trail to visit Machu Picchu each year. They congregate at Cusco before starting on the one-, two-, four- or five-day journey on foot from kilometer 82 (or 77 or 85, four- or five-day trip) or kilometer 104 (one- or two-day trip) near the town of Ollantaytambo in the Urubamba valley, walking up through the Andes to the isolated city.500 people a day set out on the Inca trail to Machu Picchu.The lesser known road to the citadel, the Lares trail, offers a crowd-free alternative. 500 people a day set out on the I...Clothing and Footwear for the Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu. Pants: 2-3 pair. I brought the Prana Monarch convertible (zip-off) pant, the Bettona Boyfriend pant from Athleta and yoga pants/tights to sleep in. I love all of the Athleta hiking pants – check them out here. Tops: 3-4 short sleeve t-shirts and 1-2 long sleeve.The Inca Trail is a well-established and iconic 4-day, 3-night hike which leads travellers from km.82 (the start point 40 minutes outside the town of Ollantaytambo) all the way to Machu Picchu via its exclusive Sun Gate (also called Inti Punku). The good news is that it’s a lot shorter than you may expect at only 40 kms (25 miles).Approach the historical Inca Trail via a mountaineers route; 16,000' Incachiriaska Pass at the foot of Nevado Salkantay en route to Machu Picchu. Explore the remnants of several ancient civilizations, from the Incan Empire to the Spanish Conquistadors. Hike through remote valleys and the diverse ecological landscapes of Peru's Andes.Oct 15, 2015 · Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu. 4D, 3N Group Hiking Tour. Experience the famous Inca Trail for 4 amazing days, and pass through the Sun Gate for that first magical sighting of Machu Picchu! This itinerary is the perfect combination of history and beauty: visiting amazing Inca ruins along the way while you take in the lush green cloud forest ... The Inca Trail crisscrosses the floor and slopes of the Sacred Valley and consists of three overlapping trails, with elevations ranging from approx. 7,000 to 13,000 feet (Machu Picchu is about 8,000 …Mar 11, 2023 · Inca Trail is the most traditional hike to Machu Picchu. In this classic four day Inca Trail hiking guide, we share everything you need to know about trekking from Cusco and our experience with Alpaca Expeditions, a local Peruvian tour operator. Includes Inca Trail itinerary, trail description, length, ruins, altitude, what to pack, permit, and ... At the other end of Machu Picchu, another path leads to the famous Inca Bridge, a rope structure that crosses the Urubamba River. Many other ruined cities—like that atop the dark peak of Huayna …Hiking the 2 day Inca Trail tour, you will go through a section of the Classic Inca Trail, enjoying beautiful Andean scenery and impressive Inca constructions.Admire the Inca sanctuary of Machu Picchu twice: at Sunset and Sunrise with plenty of time to explore on the 2nd day of the Inca trek tour.. This Short Inca Trail hike takes 5-6 hours from …The Inca Trail crisscrosses the floor and slopes of the Sacred Valley and consists of three overlapping trails, with elevations ranging from approx. 7,000 to 13,000 feet (Machu Picchu is about 8,000 feet). The trails pass through everything from cloud forests to …The Machu Picchu treks, apart from the Short Inca Trail, span an altitude of over 4,000 meters, which is known to put hikers at risk of altitude sickness. Altitude sickness generally starts to show symptoms beyond 3,000 meters above sea level, and Cusco is itself located at 3,400 meters above sea level.Tackle the unforgettable Inca Trail, and enjoy a once-in-a-lifetime hike to Machu Picchu. Departing from Cusco, discover one of the world’s oldest pilgrimages on this 4-day trip and explore a cloud forest. Depart from your Cusco hotel early in the morning and drive 82 kilometers to the starting point in Llactapata.A lot of planning and preparation goes into hiking the Inca trail to Machu Picchu. From training, to packing, choosing a tour company, vaccinations, etc. A …Inca Jungle Trail to Machu Picchu 4 days. Rainbow Mountain in 1 day. The Flight of the Condor Full day. Choquequirao Trek 4 days. Colca Canyon 2 Days. Trekking Santa Cruz - Llanganuco "Huaraz" 4 days. Lares Trek 4 days. Machu Picchu Full Day Tour. Ollantaytambo is a small town close to Cusco and an archealogical site left behind by …The Inca Trail was built by the Incas in the 15th century, linking the Incan capital Cusco with the spiritual city of Machu Picchu. The Classic Inca Trail Trek uses a 43km long (26 miles) section of the original route and undulates through amazing mountain scenery, jungle, cloud forest, past ancient Inca ruins, paving stones and tunnels along ...Have you dreamed of visiting Machu Picchu? If so, you are not alone. More than 2,500 people a day visit the ancient ruins during different months. Many visitors are outdoor lovers ...ITINERARY · Day 1 : Cusco - Piscacucho (Km. 82) - Huayllabamba · Day 2 : Huayllabamba - Warmihuañusca - Pacaymayo · Day 3 : Pacaymayo - Runkuracay - Wiñaywayna...The Inca Trail elevation continually changes as you hike over spectacular passes and down into lush valleys. ... After the Sun gate, it is a short and scenic downhill walk to Machu Picchu. Sun Gate. Height (Metres) Height (Feet) Elevation gain. 160. 1,476. Approximate Total Descent. 150. 492. Highest point (Sun Gate / Intipata) 2,700. 8,850 ...The name Inti Punku translates to sun gate in “Quechua”, which happens to be the language of the Incas. Inti Punku is famous for its view of Machu Picchu. The Inca trail crosses the sun gate early in the morning and is the entry point into the Inca city. The Sun gate at Machu Picchu was a marker or a gate for the Inca that were looking to ...The 2-day Inca trail starts at KM104 (located in the middle of our handy route map below) at an altitude of 2,200m / 7,218 ft. From there, trekkers follow a one-day route via Wiñay Huayna (2,650m / 8,694 ft) to Machu Picchu (2,430m / 7,972 ft). Most tours include a ticket and guided tour of Machu Picchu for the second day of the trek.End: Machu Picchu. Maximum elevation: 2,400 m (7,874ft) The final day of the Inca Trail trek is the shortest but most exhilarating. The trail passes through the Intipunku, or Sun Gate, which offers the first breathtaking views of Machu Picchu. This is a very early morning and many groups start hiking at 5am to get to the Sun Gate for … The Classic Inca Trail is a 4-day trekking route to Machu Picchu following the ancient trails built by the Incas ( the famous route of the qhapac ñan ). The starting point is kilometer 82 of the railway that connects the towns of Ollantaytambo with Aguas Calientes. The end of the road is at the Puerta del Sol (Intipunku), the entry point to ... The name Inti Punku translates to sun gate in “Quechua”, which happens to be the language of the Incas. Inti Punku is famous for its view of Machu Picchu. The Inca trail crosses the sun gate early in the morning and is the entry point into the Inca city. The Sun gate at Machu Picchu was a marker or a gate for the Inca that were looking to ... The Classic Inca Trail is a 4-day trekking route to Machu Picchu following the ancient trails built by the Incas ( the famous route of the qhapac ñan ). The starting point is kilometer 82 of the railway that connects the towns of Ollantaytambo with Aguas Calientes. The end of the road is at the Puerta del Sol (Intipunku), the entry point to ... Learn everything you need to know about hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, one of the most incredible experiences of your life. Find out how to book your tour, what to expect on the trail, what to pack, …With over 15 years experience of leading trips on this historic trail, we have developed the itinerary and team to make your trip to Machu Picchu a success. Our ...The most famous hike in South America, the four-day Inca Trail is walked by thousands every year. Although the total distance is only about 24 miles (39km), the ancient trail laid by the Incas from the Sacred Valley to Machu Picchu winds its way up and down and around the mountains, snaking over three high Andean passes en route, which have collectively …Trekking the Inca trail to Machu Picchu is a 26 mile trek over 4 days of walking. You will be starting at 2,800m/ 9,186 feet, trekking up to 4,215m/ 13,829 feet and ending back down at 2,450m/ 8,038 feet. This trek should not be taken lightly.Machu Picchu Route Options. Here's a complete overview of all the Machu Picchu route options. Inca Trail. The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is one of the world’s greatest hikes and the most popular trek in Peru.. Due to its popularity the trek is only operated by licensed trekking companies and there are only 500 permits available per day (~200 for trekkers …31-Aug-2023 ... Join us as we face our biggest challenge yet: hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu! We did the Classic 4 Day / 3 Night Inca Trail to Machu ...Tackle the unforgettable Inca Trail, and enjoy a once-in-a-lifetime hike to Machu Picchu. Departing from Cusco, discover one of the world’s oldest pilgrimages on this 4-day trip and explore a cloud forest. Depart from your Cusco hotel early in the morning and drive 82 kilometers to the starting point in Llactapata.The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a once-in-a-lifetime adventure that allows you to follow the ancient footsteps of the Incas while experiencing breathtaking natural beauty. This comprehensive guide aims to provide detailed information on the best time to hike the Inca Trail, a comprehensive packing list, and valuable recommendations for … Our 2-day Inca Trail hiking package includes a day of hiking surrounded by the beauty of the Andes, walk past Chachabamba, an archaeological complex believed to have served as a guardhouse to Machu Picchu, and past Wiñay Wayna. Enter the Sun Gate for a first encounter with the “Lost City of the Incas.”. Follow in the footsteps of the Incas as you trek to the once-lost city of Machu Picchu, a New Wonder of the World · Four hotel nights; three nights of full- ...Aug 28, 2023 · The Inca Trail crisscrosses the floor and slopes of the Sacred Valley and consists of three overlapping trails, with elevations ranging from approx. 7,000 to 13,000 feet (Machu Picchu is about 8,000 feet). The trails pass through everything from cloud forests to alpine tundra. Machu Picchu – The Inca city of Machupicchu is the final destination of the Inca Trail. The Intipunku entrance gate was used by the Incas hundreds of years ago. It consists of hundreds of enclosures, stairways, temples, windows, walls, bathrooms, squares and many other buildings that make up more than 150 and that are the great attraction of tourists.The other way to get from Cusco to Machu Picchu is to walk as part of an organized multiday Machu Picchu trek along the Inca Trail, a section of one of the hundreds of Incan roads built as the ...This 7-day trip culminates in a one day hike on the Inca Trail arriving to Machu Picchu with a full day and a half to explore the ruins. Explore the Inca capital of Cusco, the Sacsayhuamán Ruins, and Sacred Valley before taking the train to marker 104 km and hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu (no advance 4-day trail permit required!).The 4 day Machu Picchu Inca Trail is considered one of the best treks in the world due to its exquisite beauty and natural environment. This includes different ecological areas from high deserts to Andean tropical forests. Following this ancient Inca Trail, we will pass through mysterious archaeological sites, and environments covered by ...10-May-2023 ... The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is in fact a small part of a vast network of trails and roads built by the Incan Empire over 500 years ago. The ...Hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu the WT way, with spectacular campsites (two of the four are exclusive to our groups), topped off by a night at the acclaimed Sanctuary Lodge, just steps from Machu Picchu. With five full days on the trail (other companies rush it in four), we enjoy well-paced hiking days, fewer trekkers, and fascinating Inca sites others …End: Machu Picchu. Maximum elevation: 2,400 m (7,874ft) The final day of the Inca Trail trek is the shortest but most exhilarating. The trail passes through the Intipunku, or Sun Gate, which offers the first breathtaking views of Machu Picchu. This is a very early morning and many groups start hiking at 5am to get to the Sun Gate for …The company has been an authorized Inca Trail operator since 2002, while also running numerous alternative treks and tours to Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley, and other destinations throughout Peru. Andina Travel offers a two-day, four-day, and five-day trek on the Inca Trail. Also, the tour operator has “non-trekking soft adventures ... Hike the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu the WT way, with spectacular campsites (two of the four are exclusive to our groups), topped off by a night at the acclaimed Sanctuary Lodge, just steps from Machu Picchu. With five full days on the trail (other companies rush it in four), we enjoy well-paced hiking days, fewer trekkers, and fascinating Inca sites others miss. Superb Trip Leaders bring the ... Follow in the footsteps of the Incas as you trek to the once-lost city of Machu Picchu, a New Wonder of the World · Four hotel nights; three nights of full- ...Distance: 45km. Average distance per day: 12km. Highest altitude: 4,200m. Number of days trekking: 4-days/3-nights. Or 5-days/3-nights (extra day at Machu Picchu). Difficulty: Moderate. The many steps on the Inca Trail can be tough on your knees and the altitude of Dead Woman’s Pass will be the greatest challenge.Day three and day four of the Inca Trail see an overall descent as you head down to the archaeological site of Machu Picchu. At 7,972 feet (2,430 m) above sea level, Machu Picchu sits at a lower altitude than almost all points along the Inca Trail. You can read more about Machu Picchu’s altitude and altitude sickness prevention here.

Training for Machu Picchu. Depending on which route you choose to Machu Picchu, you will be trekking anywhere between 10-15km (6-9 miles) a day for up to six days on the longer routes (i.e. Choquequirao or Salkantay / Inca Trail Combo).. On the 4D/3N Inca trail, you will average 12km (7 miles) a day, and will need the endurance to …. The grandfather diablo 4

inca trail machu picchu

They had an option to leave out of Cusco at 3 a.m., take a two-hour train ride, hike about five hours from kilometer 104 on the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu (about six miles long and 2,600 feet up ... Day 4 Inca Trail Altitudes. The final day of the Inca Trail is an easy and gentle slope towards the Sun gate at an elevation of 2700m (8850ft). After the Sun gate, it is a short and scenic downhill walk to Machu Picchu. Sun Gate. Height (Metres) Height (Feet) Elevation gain. Inca Trail Machu Picchu, Cuzco. 1865 likes · 23 talking about this · 120 were here. Inca Trail Machu offers adventure tours and trekking in Peru. We are...Machu Picchu, also known as the “Lost City of the Incas,” is a breathtaking ancient city nestled high in the Andes Mountains of Peru. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the ...05-Mar-2020 ... The Classic Inca Trail typically takes four days and three nights to complete. The trek covers approximately 26 miles (42 kilometers) of ... The Sun Gate Machu Picchu is the place where people enter the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu. The trail continues beyond the Sun Gate for 2 hours, to another beautiful Inca city called Wiñaywayna; however, you can only access this point with the Inca Trail book 2024 and through it. The trek to the Sun Gate Machu Picchu . Useful information Sage advice? Pack as light as possible. If you can help it, only carry a hydration pack with water and a light jacket that you can tie around your waist if you ...Dec 5, 2023 · The Inca Trail is the most famous trek in South America. The Classic Inca Trail is 26 miles / 42 kms long and it takes 4 days and 3 nights. It starts at Km 82 (about 45 minutes from Ollantaytambo) and ends at the Sun Gate (Inti Punku in Quechua) to Machu Picchu. The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu hike is a group tour. Elevations: Quito is 9,350 feet above sea level, Cusco is 10,912 feet, the Sacred Valley of the Incas is 8,944 feet, the Inca Trail varies from 8,528 feet to 13,776 feet, and Machu Picchu is 7,900 feet. IGTOA’S Galapagos Traveler Conservation Fund: South American Vacations is an active ...The Inca Trail is a well-established and iconic 4-day, 3-night hike which leads travellers from km.82 (the start point 40 minutes outside the town of Ollantaytambo) all the way to Machu Picchu via its exclusive Sun Gate (also called Inti Punku). The good news is that it’s a lot shorter than you may expect at only 40 kms (25 miles).During the Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu, usually your main luggage can be stored in your hotel for free or your tour operator can store it for you. You will receive a small duffel bag at your briefing in which you can pack your clothes and sleeping bag for 3 …In this guide to trekking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, you’ll learn exactly what to expect, what to pack for the Inca Trail, which tour operator to choose and more. Nick and I hiked the Classic Inca Trail Trek for 5 days and had a very positive experience.. You will too — if you’re properly prepared..

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